(1) Clean Bench
Class II B2 Biological Safety Cabient For Laboratory
The clean workbench is a partial laminar flow device, which can form a high-clean working environment locally. It is composed of a workbench, a filter, a fan, a static pressure box and a support body, etc., using filtered air to achieve the purpose of purification and sterilization of the workbench operating area. The indoor air passes through the operating area of the workbench in a vertical or horizontal laminar flow state after the pre-filter and high-efficiency filtration and dust removal. Since the air has no turbulence, any dust or bacteria attached to the dust can be removed, and it is not easy to Spread and transfer elsewhere. Therefore, the operation area can be kept aseptic.
Compared with sterile rooms and inoculation boxes, the use of clean benches has the advantages of good working conditions, convenient operation, reliable sterile effect, no harm to the human body by disinfectants, small occupation area and mobility. If it is used in a sterile room, the sterile effect is better. The disadvantage is that it is expensive, and the pre-filter and high-efficiency filter need to be cleaned and replaced regularly.
(2) High-Pressure Steam Sterilization Pot (High-Pressure Steam Sterilization Pot)
The high-pressure steam sterilizer is a closed double-layer metal pan that can withstand a certain pressure. The bottom of the pot or the jacket contains water. When the water boils in the pot, the pressure in the pot will gradually increase because the steam cannot escape, and the boiling point and temperature of the water will increase accordingly, so as to achieve the purpose of high temperature sterilization. Generally, all microorganisms including spores can be killed by sterilizing at 121℃ for 20~30min under the pressure of 0.11MPa. If the volume of the sterilized item is large and the steam penetration is difficult, the steam pressure can be appropriately increased or the sterilization time can be prolonged.
There are many types of autoclaves such as horizontal, vertical and portable. In microbiology laboratories, portable and vertical autoclaves are the most commonly used. Compared with the normal pressure sterilization pot, the advantages of the high pressure sterilization pot are the short time required for sterilization, fuel saving, and thorough sterilization. The disadvantage is that it is expensive and the sterilization capacity is small.
(3) Incubator (CultureBox)
The incubator is a special equipment for cultivating microorganisms. The heating type incubator is a constant-volume constant-temperature culture device synthesized by an electric furnace wire and a temperature controller, with different sizes and specifications. The commonly used incubators in microbiology laboratories have a working volume of 450×450×350mm3 or 650×500×500mm3, which is suitable for the cultivation of various microorganisms between room temperature and 60°C. At present, with the development of scientific level, the perfection and price of incubator equipment are quite different. There are various incubators with reasonable structure and complete functions, such as constant temperature incubator, constant temperature and humidity incubator, low temperature incubator, multi-purpose microorganism incubator and carbon dioxide incubator. Some are controlled by a computer, and multiple timelines can be selected to change the temperature difference, thereby overcoming the influence of the ambient temperature, and the temperature required for cultivation can be reached throughout the year.
The microbial multipurpose incubator is a microbial liquid fermentation device that integrates heating, cooling and oscillation. The temperature of the working room is arbitrarily selected within the range of 15~50℃. After the selection, it is automatically controlled by the temperature controller to maintain a constant temperature in the working room. At the same time, it is equipped with a thyristor speed control system, and the speed of the oscillator can be adjusted arbitrarily within the range of 1~220rpm.
(4) Drying Box
Drying box is an equipment used to remove moisture or other volatile solutions from moist materials and inside and outside of vessels. There are many types, including box type, drum type, suite type, rotary type and so on. Microbiology laboratories often use box-type drying ovens with different sizes and specifications. The working room is equipped with movable wire mesh panels, which is convenient for placing the dried items. The heating and heating drying oven is also composed of an electric furnace wire and a temperature controller, and the temperature can be adjusted from room temperature to 300 ℃ arbitrarily. Some drying ovens use conductive thermometers as sensitive components, combined with transistors and relays to form an automatic control system, which overcomes the shortcomings of metal tube thermal expansion control. In addition, there is a vacuum drying oven (equipped with a vacuum pump and a barometer), which can be operated under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
(5) Shaking Bed
Shaker is also called flask shaker. It is a small experimental device for cultivating aerobic microorganisms or used for seed expansion. Commonly used shakers are reciprocating and rotating. The reciprocating frequency of the reciprocating shaker is generally 80~140 times/min, and the stroke is generally 5~14cm. If the frequency is too fast, the stroke is too large, or the amount of liquid in the bottle is too much, the liquid will splash to the mouth of the dressing bottle when shaking. On the gauze or cotton plugs, causing contamination by bacteria, which is more likely to happen during startup. The eccentricity of the rotary shaker is generally between 3 and 6 cm, and the number of rotations is 60 to 300 rpm.
The oxygen required for the fermentation broth in the culture flask (usually a triangular flask) placed on the shaker is passed through the gauze (usually 8 layers) or tampons wrapped in the mouth of the bottle, so the transmission of oxygen is related to the bottle mouth. The size, the geometry of the bottle mouth, the thickness and density of the tampon or gauze are related. Under normal circumstances, the oxygen absorption coefficient of the shaker depends on the characteristics of the shaker and the sample volume of the flask.
The reciprocating shaker uses the principle of crank to drive the shaker to reciprocate. The body is a long frame made of iron or wood. There are one to three layers of trays. The trays have round holes for culture bottles, and one protrudes from the hole. Triangular rubber is used to fix the culture bottle and reduce the vibration of the bottle. The transmission mechanism generally adopts a secondary pulley to reduce speed, and the reciprocating frequency can be changed by changing the speed adjusting pulley. There are different eccentric holes on the eccentric wheel to adjust the eccentricity. The frequency and eccentricity of the reciprocating shaker have a significant effect on oxygen absorption.
The rotary shaker uses a rotating eccentric shaft to swing the tray. The tray has one or two layers and can be made of stainless steel, aluminum or wooden plates. The three eccentric shafts are equipped with bolts that can be adjusted up and down to keep the tray level. This kind of shaker has a complicated structure and a high cost. Its advantages are better oxygen transmission, low power consumption, and the culture medium will not splash on the gauze on the bottle mouth.
(6) Microscope
Microorganisms are very small, and their individual morphology and cell structure must be observed clearly with the help of a microscope. Therefore, the microscope has become an indispensable tool in various studies of microbiology.
There are many types of microscopes. According to their structure, they can be divided into two categories: optical microscopes and non-optical microscopes. Optical microscope can be divided into single microscope and compound microscope. The simplest single microscope is the magnifying glass (the magnification is usually about 10 times), and the single microscope with complex structure is the dissecting microscope (the magnification is about 200). In the research of microbiology, the compound microscope is mainly used. Among them, ordinary optical microscopes (bright field microscopes) are the most commonly used. In addition, there are dark field microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, polarized light microscopes, ultraviolet light microscopes, and inverted microscopes. Non-optical microscopes are electron microscopes.
(7) Clean Box
Stainless Steel Pass Box DOP Pass Through Box For Clean Room
The inoculation box is divided into solid strain inoculation box and liquid strain inoculation box. The solid strain inoculation box is a closed small box made of wood and glass or welded by plexiglass. It is divided into double and single operation boxes. The box can be large or small. Generally, the box is about 143cm long, 86cm wide, 154cm high, and 76cm bracket. Two glass sliding doors that can be opened and closed are installed on the left and right sides of the upper part of the box to facilitate the entry and exit of bacteria. The lower part of the window is provided with two round holes with a diameter of about 13cm. The center distance between the two holes is 52cm (same shoulder width). The openings are equipped with sleeves with elastic bands to prevent outside air from entering the box when both hands are operating in the box. Cause pollution inside. During operation, the two sit opposite each other, and their hands are extended into the box through the sleeves. It is best to install glass on both sides of the box, and the top of the box is wood or glass. There are one ultraviolet germicidal lamp and one fluorescent lamp for lighting on the top of the box. The cabinet can be installed with wood or glass, but it must be sealed.
The liquid strain inoculation box is specially designed for transferring liquid strains. It is narrower and longer than the solid seed box, and it can be operated by two people on one side. There is a track and ultraviolet light inside. The two ends of the box have rectangular exits with a height of 25cm and a width of 10cm to facilitate the entry and exit of bacteria. The entrance is equipped with a small sliding door. There is a steam source under the inlet and outlet, and the inlet and outlet are sealed with steam during inoculation to prevent bacteria from entering the box. The back of the box is provided with a small hole into which the liquid strain transfer tube can enter.
When the inoculation box is sterilized, it is irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes. If there is no ultraviolet lamp, use formaldehyde and potassium permanganate (formaldehyde 10-14mL/m3 + potassium permanganate 5-7g/m3 space) fumigation for more than 30 minutes. When using, first put the required items and tools into the inoculation box, then carry out the fumigation and ultraviolet sterilization of the medicine, and then carry out the inoculation according to the aseptic operation. The inoculation box has a simple structure, low cost, easy disinfection and sterilization, convenient operation, and it can be operated by people outside the box, even when the temperature is high. The disadvantage is that it takes time and labor to enter and exit the culture medium, and it needs to be sterilized before each inoculation.
(8) Refrigerator
CDC Compliant Vaccine Refrigerators 2~8℃ 316L
There are two main types of refrigerators in the microbiology laboratory: ordinary refrigerators and low-temperature freezer refrigerators. Ordinary refrigerators generally have two cabinets, namely, fresh storage cabinets and refrigerated cabinets, with temperatures of 4°C and -20°C respectively; the temperature of low-temperature freezer refrigerators is generally controlled at -40 to -80°C. They can all be used for the preservation of microbial strains. Fresh storage cabinets are often used to store slant strains, and the preservation time is about 3 months. More than 3 months, the slope will dry out, so it is necessary to transfer the bacteria. If you want to preserve the strains for a long time, you need to process them and store them in the freezer of an ordinary refrigerator or a low-temperature freezer. Their preservation time is longer, generally more than 1 year.